The OSI Reference Model
- It’s simply a model that explain how computers will communicate with each other.
- It’s developed by ISO (International Organization for Standardization).
- In theoretical terms it helps you understand how networks and network protocols work.
- The model has 7 layers, where each layer communicates directly with its adjacent layers.
- Layer 7: Application Telnet, HTTP, DNS, FTP etc
- Layer 6: Presentation Character code translation, Encryption-decryption, compression
- Layer 5: Session Half-Duplex, Full-Duplex
- Layer 4: Transport TCP and UDP
- Layer 3: Network This is where routers operate. Anything regarding the TCP/IP protocol happens here. Think IP Address, subnet masks, default gateways etc.
- Layer 2: Data Link This is where switches operate.
- Layer 1: Physical This is the physical stuff connecting computers together (cables, nic, hubs, Ethernet cable, serial, modems etc etc).
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